How to design a least privilege architecture in aws sans. Below are just a few examples of how the principle can work or fail in practice. Least privilege analysis in software architectures request pdf. The concept of separation of duties states that highvalue or highrisk tasks should be designed to require two or more individuals to complete it. Cissp security and risk management flashcards quizlet. The principle of least privilege can be applied to every level of a system. Resolving least privilege violations in software architectures. Any further allowance of privilege widens the window of time during which a successful exploitation of the system will provide an attacker with that same privilege. Least privilege analysis in software architectures core. Automated detection of least privilege violations in software architectures.
Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide when it is appropriate to use and. Least privilege analysis in software architectures by koen buyens, riccardo scandariato and wouter joosen no static citation data no static citation data cite. If a product relies on placement of its service accounts into highly privileged groups in active directory and does not offer options that do not require excessive privilege be granted to the rbac software, you have not really reduced your active directory attack surface youve only changed the composition of. Least privilege analysis in software architectures this work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this principle. This paper improves the support for least privilege in software architectures by i defining the foundations to identify potential violations of the principle herein and ii elicitating. We introduce the least privilege architecture, which incorporates security features from the recent. Nov 09, 2011 least privilege analysis in software architectures least privilege analysis in software architectures buyens, koen. This paper improves the support for least privilege in software architectures by i defining the foundations to identify potential violations of the principle herein. State machines in form of lts labelled transition systems analysis using model checking cra compositional reachability analysis and ltl linear. Implementing a least privilege architecture can reduce risk and minimize disruptions by allowing only the minimum required authority to perform a duty or task. Principle of least privilege information on ieees technology navigator.
Architectural patterns are often documented as software design patterns. Automated detection of least privilege violations in. This lowers the overall security level of the software system and the cost of fixing such problems later on in the development cycle is high. Aug 01, 2018 you will research, design, develop, and implement software, firmware, and product security best practices, policies, requirements, standards, architectures, tools, procedures and more. Analysis of three multilevel security architectures. We have identified architectural transformations that reduce violations to the principle of least privilege. According to the principle of least privilege, access should be allowed only when it is absolutely necessary to the function of a given system, and only for the minimal necessary amount of time. Automated software architecture security risk analysis using. A method for analyzing the properties of software architectures may 2007 white paper gregory abowd, len bass, rick kazman, mike webb texas instruments. Privilege bracketing can be administered using special software to automate the process so elevated access is granted only at the last possible moment and is. Resolving least privilege violations in software architectures abstract. Policies consistent with the principle of least privilege depend not only on the code to be executed but also on what that code is intended to do.
Mar 23, 2020 enable rbac with least privilege, disable abac, and use audit logging. Least privilege in a system microsecond clock were prime. The task execution model is an essential building block for the analysis of the least privilege violations in a software architecture presented in previous work. How to design a least privilege architecture in aws sans institute. Automated software architecture security risk analysis using formalized signatures. A hardwaresoftware totalsystem view of trustworthiness. Chapter 7 slides security operations flashcards quizlet. Early, useful answers about relevant architectural aspects. Organizations employ least privilege for specific duties and information systems.
Identifying and resolving least privilege violations in software. Ensuring that access to individual server, storage, virtualization, operating system, database, and other. In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege polp, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or the principle of least authority, requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject. Privilege analysis captures privileges used by database users and applications at runtime. Analysis of software architectures software architecture lecture 2 software architecture foundations, theory, and practice what is architectural analysis. Learning objectives define architectural analysis and enumerate its goals apply atam analysis to software architectures apply modelbased analysis to software architecture apply reliability analysis to software architecture. Systematic rules are lacking, no guidance explains how to apply the principle in practice. Architectural analysis is the activity of discovering important system properties using the systems architectural models. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this principle. In practice one departs from full generality, and limits those circumstances which may give rise to a change of protection regime. In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege polp, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or the principle of least authority, requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module such as a process, a user. If at all possible, limit the allowance of system privilege to small, simple sections of code that may be called atomically.
Oracle minicluster s72 platform security white paper. Software architecture is the study of large software systems, from the perspective of their structure. It applies to end users, systems, processes, networks, databases, applications, and every other facet of an it environment. This work lays the formal foundations for the understanding of the least privilege lp principle in software architectures and provides a technique to identify lp violations. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify violations against this. The concept of least privilege states that users should have the fewest or lowest numbers of privileges required to accomplish their duties. Automated detection of least privilege violations in software. List of software architecture styles and patterns wikipedia. Ext describing what a user expects of ext, define privext.
Deconflate virtualization and protection memory management units mmus protect by location in memory. The principle of least privilege polp, an important concept in computer security, is the practice of limiting access rights for users to the bare minimum permissions they need to perform their work. The least privilege architecture narrows the attack surface of an android system, making it easier to evaluate its security posture, and thwarts certain class of security attacks. Performing privilege analysis to find privilege use. Model for the development of enterprise architectures developed by john zachman. Least privilege analysis in software architectures springerlink. This paper describes three perspectives by which we can understand the description of a software architecture and proposes a fivestep method for analyzing software architectures called saam software architecture analysis method. Sep 12, 2018 examples of the principle of least privilege. We propose an improvement in supporting least privilege in software architectures. This work lays the formal foundations for understanding the security design principle of least privilege in software architectures and provides a technique to identify. Principle of least privilegerelated conferences, publications, and organizations. Least privilege analysis in software architectures.
Abstract supporting a security principle, such as least privilege, in a software architecture is difficult. Security patterns for microservice architectures okta developer. Cheri protects references pointers to code, data, objects. Least privilege lp is a wellknown security principle. Identifying and resolving least privilege violations in software architectures. Least privilege analysis in software architectures, software. Scenariobased analysis of software architecture rick kazman department of computer science, university of waterloo waterloo, ontario gregory abowd college of computing, georgia institute of technology atlanta, georgia len bass, paul clements software engineering institute, carnegie mellon university pittsburgh, pennsylvania. This paper provides an analysis of the relative merits of three architectural types. An architectural pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software architecture within a given context. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype tool for the extraction of the socalled task execution model directly from the source code. Adding network microsegmentation also restricts eastwest movement to reduce the number of vulnerable pathways to applications. Composition of least privilege analysis results in software. This paper presents deldroid, an automated approach for determining the least privilege architecture for an android system and its enforcement at runtime. Focused manual spotcheck focused manual analysis of source.
Security analysis of software architectures, in proc. Determination and enforcement of leastprivilege architecture in. The technique can also be leveraged to analyze violations against the security design principle of separation of duties. This work shows that this technique can scale by composing the results obtained from the analysis of the subparts of a larger system. As a result, security principles are often neglected.
Toward leastprivilege isolation for software stanford secure. You then can revoke unused grants and other changes to better reflect the access a user requires. Our own previous work tackled this by introducing formal foundations for the least privilege lp principle in software architectures and providing a technique to identify violations to this principle. A key contribution of our approach is the ability to limit the privileges granted to apps without the need to modify them. This is in contrast to traditional computer science approaches to the design and creation of software systems, which emphasize data structures and algorithms over structure. This technique is useful in cases when source code is unavailable, if the software was not developed by you, or if you want to verify that the build phase did not introduce any new weaknesses. Sa tutorial 8 kramermagee model based approach on off 0 1 software architecture describes gross organization of a system in terms of components and their interactions. Deldroid utilizes static program analysis techniques to extract the exact privileges each component needs for providing its. The principle of least privilege is also applied to information system processes, ensuring that the processes operate at privilege levels no higher than necessary to accomplish required organizational missionsbusiness functions. Generic twodimensional model that uses 6 basic communication interrogatives what, how, where, who, when, why intersecting with different perspectives executives, business managers, system architects, engineers, technicians, and enterprisewide to give a holistic understanding of the enterprise. The oracle minicluster s72 platform promotes the principle of least privilege by. Supporting a security principle, such as least privilege, in a software architecture is difficult. Due to the lack of both precise definitions and effective software engineering methodologies, security design principles are often neglected by software architects, resulting in potentially highrisk threats to systems. Due to the lack of both precise definitions and effective software engineering methodologies, security principles.
Foundations, theory, and practice scope of architectural analysis component and connectorlevel subsystem and systemlevel data exchanged in a system or subsystem data structure data flow properties of data exchange architectures at different abstraction levels comparison of two or more architectures 25. Determination and enforcement of leastprivilege architecture. The proposed approach is supported by tools and has been validated in four case studies, one of which is presented in detail in this paper. This simplifies the work required to implement least privilege practice. With respect to formal analysis of software architecture, there are numerous techniques. Measuring attack surface in software architecture carnegie. Static analysis has been used to detect security violations in programs, such as finding format string. Extraction of an architectural model for least privilege analysis. Software architecture analysis method saam lecture 7a this set of slides are provided for th e information on the case study of applying software architecture analysis me thod saam to the evaluation of architectural designs of a software that extract keyword frequency vectors from text files. Finally, lessons and morals are presented, drawn from the growing body of experience in applying scenariobased architectural analysis techniques.
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